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Abbé Faria ((ポルトガル語:Abade Faria)), or Abbé (Abbot) José Custódio de Faria, (31 May 1756 – 20 September 1819), was a Goan Catholic monk who was one of the pioneers of the scientific study of hypnotism, following on from the work of Franz Mesmer. Unlike Mesmer, who claimed that hypnosis was mediated by "animal magnetism", Faria understood that it worked purely by the power of suggestion. In the early 19th century, Abbé Faria introduced oriental hypnosis to Paris. He was one of the first to depart from the theory of the "magnetic fluid," to place in relief the importance of suggestion, and to demonstrate the existence of "autosuggestion"; he also established that what he termed ''nervous sleep'' belongs to the natural order. From his earliest magnetizing séances, in 1814, he boldly developed his doctrine. Nothing comes from the magnetizer; everything comes from the subject and takes place in his imagination generated from within the mind. Magnetism is only a form of sleep. Although of the moral order, the magnetic action is often aided by physical, or rather by physiological, means–fixedness of look and cerebral fatigue. Faria changed the terminology of mesmerism. Previously, the focus was on the "concentration" of the subject. In Faria's terminology the operator became "the concentrator" and somnambulism was viewed as a lucid sleep. The method of hypnosis used by Faria is command, following expectancy. The theory of Abbé Faria is now known as Fariism In after-years Ambroise-Auguste Liébeault (1864–1904), the founder of the Nancy School, and Emile Coué (1857–1926) father of applied conditioning, developed the theory of suggestion and autosuggestion and began using them as therapeutic tools. Afterwards, Johannes Schultz developed these theories as Autogenic training. ==Origins== José Custódio de Faria was born in Candolim village of Bardez in the Portuguese administrated Goa, on 31 May 1756. He was the son of Caetano Vitorino de Faria of Colvale village, and Rosa Maria de Sousa of Candolim village, and had an adopted sister, Catarina, an orphan. Caetano was in turn a descendant of Anantha Shenoy, a Goud Saraswat Brahmin, village clerk and Patil of the same village who converted to Christianity in the 16th century.〔Indian journal of psychiatry, Volume 16, 1974, University of California, p. 307〕 He was a Goan Catholic of the ''Bamonn'' caste,〔(ABBÉ FARIA and the CONSPIRACY of 1787 ) – Prof. Alfredo de Mello, Abbefaria.com, "Caetano Victorino de Faria, a Brahmin Christian, born in Colvale, in the north of Bardez district, just on the south bank of the river Chapora, devoted himself to ecclesiastical studies when young."〕〔Robert Bradnock, Roma Bradnock, ''Footprint Goa Handbook: The Travel Guide'', Footprint Travel Guides, 2002, ISBN 978-1-903471-22-7, (M1 Google Print, p. 57 ) "Abbé José Custodio Faria was born on May 30, 1756 in Candolim, just inland of Calangute. His family claimed descent from Brahmins in Colvale, but his parents separated after his birth, his mother becoming a nun and his father a priest."〕 and was also of partial African descent. Since his parents had irreconcilable differences, they decided to separate and obtained the Church's dispensation. Caetano Vitorino joined the seminary to complete his studies for the priesthood (which he had interrupted to get married), and Rosa Maria became a nun, joining the St. Monica convent in Old Goa, where she rose to the position of prioress. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abbé Faria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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